Cacao Trees and The Chocolate Climate
March 29, 2022
Ever wonder why chocolate is only produced in some parts of the world? What’s interesting is that cacao trees only flourish in the “cocoa belt”.
Most people know that chocolate comes from cocoa beans, and in turn, cocoa beans come from cacao trees.
Cacao is a tropical tree whose scientific name is Theobroma cacao. It originated in the upper Amazon basin region (Brazil, Colombia, and Peru).
The Cocoa Belt
This is the region within 10 degrees north and south of the Equator with warm and humid climates, because they grow well in tropical climates with regular rains and short dry seasons.
When we say warm, it usually is in the hotter tropical climates with temperatures ranging from 65 to 90°F, with lower elevations (<2,000ft) and a growing area where there is uniform rainfall all year round. Anything below 40°F can kill them, as they cannot stand cold temperatures or frost. High humidity is also a must for cacao trees. They won’t thrive in a hot but dry climate. They are also often planted with other larger trees since they require sufficient soil drainage and an abundance of shade.
Cacao trees are mostly grown in the hot and humid regions of Africa (mainly in forest regions), Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. The best time to plant these trees is in spring or fall with peak production usually done twice a year. And since they have a slower growth rate, it can take up to five years before they produce cacao pods. In fact, this can continue for another 10-20 years! Whoa. You have to appreciate the farmers for taking care of cacao trees for this long! Truly, love (for chocolate) takes time!
Caring for Cacao Trees
Do you have a greenhouse? Because you can also grow a tree there! But, keep in mind that it will be very difficult to provide them with proper light and humidity levels indoors. Also, they often won’t ever produce pods. Since these trees only prosper under specific conditions, including fairly uniform temperatures, high humidity, abundant rain, nitrogen-rich soil, and protection from wind; you have to make sure you are getting everything right.
In the usual outdoor setting, you would want to start planting your tree in a spot that has good drainage and some protection from strong winds and harsh sun. And don’t forget maintaining adequate soil moisture! This tree loves lots of moisture and nutrition so make sure to water and fertilize your cacao tree regularly. But be careful not to water so much that the soil turns soggy, as this can rot the tree’s roots.
Cacao trees also need at least three hours of direct sunlight on most days, though they will need some shade from strong afternoon sun to prevent getting their leaves scorched. They can grow in full sun to partial shade and can also thrive in soil that is rich in organic matter. They can stand a slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil pH.
Cacao Trees in the United States?
Since the majority of the country doesn’t have the optimal climate to grow cacao trees, and since this tree requires such a distinct climate, it can only successfully grow in select area. Hawaii is the only state that can sustain commercial cacao production, while the US still ranks in the top ten chocolate consuming countries.
Want to discover more? Check out some fun facts about chocolate or learn ways to incorporate dark chocolate in your daily diet!
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